Rabbits and guinea pigs make wonderful companions, but because they are prey animals, they instinctively hide signs of illness. This natural behaviour makes it challenging for pet parents to spot when something is wrong. Knowing the early warning signs of illness in your rabbit or guinea pig is crucial for ensuring they receive prompt veterinary care. At Woonona Petfoods, we’re passionate about small pet health and want to help you recognise when your furry friend may need extra attention.
Common Signs of Illness in Rabbits and Guinea Pigs
Changes in Eating and Drinking Habits
A sudden decrease in appetite is one of the most important red flags for both rabbits and guinea pigs. Refusing hay, pellets, or favourite treats could indicate dental problems, digestive issues, or underlying illness. Likewise, if your pet stops drinking or dramatically increases water intake, it may signal kidney disease, diabetes, or another health concern. Because their digestive systems are so sensitive, even 12–24 hours without food can become life-threatening.
Weight Loss or Obesity
Gradual weight loss often goes unnoticed but is a common sign of dental problems, internal disease, or parasites. On the other hand, sudden weight gain or obesity can put stress on joints and organs. We recommend weighing your rabbit or guinea pig regularly at home to monitor changes early.
Dental Issues
Overgrown teeth are a frequent problem in small pets, as their teeth grow continuously. Signs include drooling, difficulty chewing, dropping food, or facial swelling. Dental issues can lead to serious pain and infections if left untreated, so prompt veterinary care is essential. Providing unlimited fresh hay, such as Alfalfa King Timothy Hay, can help naturally wear down teeth and reduce the risk of problems.
Digestive Problems
Healthy rabbits and guinea pigs produce two types of droppings: regular faecal pellets and nutrient-rich caecotrophs. Any change in size, shape, or consistency of droppings may indicate digestive upset. Diarrhoea, constipation, or reduced output are serious concerns and require immediate veterinary advice. A balanced diet rich in fibre, supported by premium hay and pellets such as Oxbow Essentials Adult Rabbit Food or Oxbow Essentials Adult Guinea Pig, plays a vital role in maintaining gut health.
Changes in Behaviour
Both rabbits and guinea pigs are naturally active, curious animals. If your pet suddenly becomes withdrawn, hides more often, seems lethargic, or shows aggression, it may be a sign of illness or pain. Grinding teeth loudly, often referred to as “tooth grinding,” can also signal discomfort or distress.
Respiratory Issues
Sneezing, nasal discharge, watery eyes, or laboured breathing can be symptoms of respiratory infections. These conditions can progress quickly in small pets, so veterinary care should never be delayed. Ensure your pet’s enclosure is kept clean, dry, and well-ventilated to help prevent respiratory problems.
Skin, Coat, and Nail Problems
A healthy rabbit or guinea pig should have a glossy coat and clear skin. Signs of problems include bald patches, itching, sores, redness, or dandruff. These may point to mites, fungal infections, or nutritional deficiencies. Similarly, overgrown nails can cause pain and difficulty moving, so regular nail trimming is essential.
When to See a Vet Immediately
Because rabbits and guinea pigs can deteriorate quickly, it is always best to err on the side of caution. Contact your vet immediately if your pet:
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Stops eating or drinking
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Shows signs of pain (e.g. tooth grinding, hunched posture)
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Has diarrhoea or very small droppings
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Displays difficulty breathing
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Appears suddenly lethargic or unresponsive
Preventing Illness in Rabbits and Guinea Pigs
While not all health problems can be avoided, good care can greatly reduce the risk of illness. Key steps include:
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Providing unlimited high-quality hay and fresh water
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Feeding species-appropriate pellets in moderation
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Offering fresh leafy greens daily (safe varieties only)
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Keeping enclosures clean, safe, and spacious
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Ensuring regular grooming and nail trimming
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Scheduling routine vet check-ups for early detection of problems
At Woonona Petfoods, we care about the wellbeing of your small pets just as much as you do. That’s why we stock a wide range of premium rabbit and guinea pig products, from hay and pellets to supplements, bedding, and enrichment toys. Our knowledgeable team is always ready to provide personalised advice, whether you need help choosing the right food, setting up a comfortable habitat, or finding the best supplement for your pet’s needs.
Caring for rabbits and guinea pigs is deeply rewarding, but it does require careful attention to their health. By learning to recognise the early warning signs of illness, you can act quickly and ensure your pet enjoys a long, happy, and healthy life.
